New Jersey State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

What type of bacteria is known to cause illnesses?

1. Non-pathogenic

2. Pathogenic

3. Commensal

4. Probiotic

The correct answer is: Pathogenic

Pathogenic bacteria are types of bacteria that can cause diseases in hosts, including humans. These bacteria have various mechanisms that allow them to invade tissues, evade the immune system, and multiply, ultimately leading to illness. Examples of pathogenic bacteria include Streptococcus, Escherichia coli (certain strains), and Staphylococcus aureus, which are responsible for a range of infections from mild to severe. In contrast, non-pathogenic bacteria do not cause diseases and may play essential roles in processes like digestion and maintaining a healthy microbiome. Commensal bacteria generally coexist harmlessly with their host and can even provide benefits, but they do not cause illness under normal conditions. Probiotic bacteria are specific strains that are beneficial for gut health and may enhance or restore the gut flora but do not typically cause disease. Understanding the distinction between these types of bacteria is crucial for both preventing infections and promoting overall health, making it clear why pathogenic bacteria are specifically acknowledged as a cause of illnesses.