New Jersey State Board Esthetics Practice Exam

What does anabolism refer to in metabolism?

1. Breaking down molecules to small parts

2. Building up molecules from smaller ones

3. Energy expenditure in the body

4. Conversion of energy sources

The correct answer is: Building up molecules from smaller ones

Anabolism refers to the metabolic pathways that construct larger molecules from smaller units, which is essential for growth and repair in the body. This process involves the synthesis of complex molecules like proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates, using the energy derived from the breakdown of food or stored fat. Anabolic processes are crucial in various physiological functions, including muscle growth, tissue repair, and the development of new cells, thus contributing significantly to the body’s overall metabolism. In contrast, breaking down molecules into smaller parts is known as catabolism, which is a different metabolic process that releases energy. Energy expenditure reflects the body’s use of the energy produced from metabolic activities but does not specifically define anabolism. Lastly, the conversion of energy sources refers to the various biochemical pathways the body uses to convert food into usable energy forms but is not specifically indicative of the anabolic process.